Explanation of ValueError: at least one array or dtype is required
The ValueError with the message “at least one array or dtype is required” is raised in Python when a function or method that expects an array or a data type as input is called without providing any arguments.
Let’s consider an example:
import numpy as np
# Calling np.array without any arguments
arr = np.array() # Raises ValueError: at least one array or dtype is required
In this example, np.array() is called without providing any values. The np.array() function expects at least one array or a data type to be passed as an argument. Since no arguments are provided, it raises a ValueError with the given message.
To fix this error, you need to pass a valid array or a data type to the function. Here is an updated example:
# Creating an array with values
arr = np.array([1, 2, 3, 4, 5])
In this updated example, an array [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] is passed as an argument to np.array(). Now the function receives a valid input and can create the array successfully without raising any errors.