[Vuejs]-Multiple requests from different components in Vue – best practice

Using vuex and checking if your state is already populated is good enough. If it’s not, then call a vuex action. It will help you to have a state shared globally in your app.

Not sure about this part

how to make a new request to the server for updating the result

What would be the issue or calling the API a second time? If needed, you can use the suggested solution in the comment, like adding a ?refresh or even and id to it id={randomId}.