[Vuejs]-Is it possible to create a method that refreshes a single vueJS component?

You could force an update to re-render the component, but Vue should handle that for you. If you submit the data into the database, the backend could return an updated list for example. Or you just send another GET-request when receiving the answer of your submitting-request and then set properties of your component.

For forcing a re-render, check out this article: https://michaelnthiessen.com/force-re-render/