[Vuejs]-How to change vuejs component data on one device when data in db updated by other device without refresh page

As @Anatoly said, If we wish to do updates almost immediately then look at
WebSockets or some lib like socket.io

Short polling: means hit API after a specific time interval.

Use some language/frame that can control concurrency on the server,
means language which can program threads and processes on the server. then this one will generate a channel using continuous process & thread and whoever is connected to the channel will get real-time interaction like sockets. In other words, by using this approach you can create your own socket without any third-party package (useful for larger applications i.e Banking, Blockchain, Rescue Service etc).