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Maybe try filtering a date range instead of excluding before and after
Item.objects.filter(date__range=["2017-01-01", "2017-01-31"])
To exclude before and after something like this should work with __lt
for less than and __gt
for greater than:
Item.objects.exclude(date__lt=datetime.date(2017, 1, 1)).exclude(date__gt=datetime.date(2017, 1, 31))
Source:stackexchange.com