Document must be an instance of dict, bson.son.son, bson.raw_bson.rawbsondocument, or a type that inherits from collections.mutablemapping

The error message “document must be an instance of dict, bson.son.son, bson.raw_bson.rawbsondocument, or a type that inherits from collections.mutablemapping” typically occurs when you’re trying to use a document or data that does not match the expected type or structure.

For example, if you are working with a database or using a library that expects a document or dictionary-like object, you need to ensure that the data you’re passing is in the correct format.

Here are a few scenarios where this error commonly occurs:

1. Passing a non-dictionary object: If you are passing a variable that is not a dictionary or does not inherit from collections.MutableMapping, you will encounter this error. For instance:

        document = 123  # not a dictionary
        result = process_document(document)  # This will raise the error
   

1. Using an incompatible library: Some libraries or methods in Python require specific document types (e.g., dict, bson.son.SON, etc.). If you pass a document in an incompatible format, you will get this error. For example:

        import bson
        
        document = bson.ObjectId()  # Not compatible with the expected type
        result = process_document(document)  # This will raise the error
   

1. Passing invalid data structure: In some cases, the issue may lie in the structure or content of the document. If the structure does not conform to the expected format, you will encounter this error. For instance:

        document = {
            "name": "John Doe",
            "age": 35,
            "address": {
                "street": "123 Main St",
                "city": "New York"
            }
        }
        result = process_document(document)  # This will raise the error if the processing function expects a different structure
   

To resolve this issue, you should carefully review the documentation and requirements of the library or method you are using. Ensure that your data matches the expected format and type. If necessary, you may need to transform or restructure your data before passing it to the function or library.