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I don’t think you should be adding fields to the database just to make nice filters in the admin.
Regardless, your problem is that you’re not assigning first_char to the value of the object, but to a CharField, which isn’t subscriptable, just as the error tells you. I would suggest going through the tutorial and learning more, but here is an answer to your question.
Override the save() method, and add the field there:
class Question(models.Model):
...
first_char = models.CharField(max_length=1)
def save(self):
# self.first_char for referencing to the current object
self.first_char = self.question_text[1]
super().save(self)
Now, whenever the object is saved, first_char will be set to the first character of the question_text.
Source:stackexchange.com