[Django]-Django ModelForm for Many-to-Many fields

I’m not certain I get the question 100%, so I’m going to run with this assumption:

Each Pizza can have many Toppings. Each Topping can have many Pizzas. But if a Topping is added to a Pizza, that Topping then automagically will have a Pizza, and vice versa.

In this case, your best bet is a relationship table, which Django supports quite well. It could look like this:

models.py

class PizzaTopping(models.Model):
    topping = models.ForeignKey('Topping')
    pizza = models.ForeignKey('Pizza')
class Pizza(models.Model):     
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50) 
    topped_by = models.ManyToManyField('Topping', through=PizzaTopping)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name
class Topping(models.Model):   
    name=models.CharField(max_length=50)
    is_on = models.ManyToManyField('Pizza', through=PizzaTopping)
    def __str__(self):
        return self.name
    def __unicode__(self):
        return self.name

forms.py

class PizzaForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Pizza
class ToppingForm(forms.ModelForm):
    class Meta:
        model = Topping

Example:

>>> p1 = Pizza(name="Monday")
>>> p1.save()
>>> p2 = Pizza(name="Tuesday")
>>> p2.save()
>>> t1 = Topping(name="Pepperoni")
>>> t1.save()
>>> t2 = Topping(name="Bacon")
>>> t2.save()
>>> PizzaTopping(pizza=p1, topping=t1).save() # Monday + Pepperoni
>>> PizzaTopping(pizza=p2, topping=t1).save() # Tuesday + Pepperoni
>>> PizzaTopping(pizza=p2, topping=t2).save() # Tuesday + Bacon

>>> tform = ToppingForm(instance=t2) # Bacon
>>> tform.as_table() # Should be on only Tuesday.
u'<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><input id="id_name" type="text" name="name" value="Bacon" maxlength="50" /></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_is_on">Is on:</label></th><td><select multiple="multiple" name="is_on" id="id_is_on">\n<option value="1">Monday</option>\n<option value="2" selected="selected">Tuesday</option>\n</select><br /> Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.</td></tr>'

>>> pform = PizzaForm(instance=p1) # Monday
>>> pform.as_table() # Should have only Pepperoni
u'<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><input id="id_name" type="text" name="name" value="Monday" maxlength="50" /></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_topped_by">Topped by:</label></th><td><select multiple="multiple" name="topped_by" id="id_topped_by">\n<option value="1" selected="selected">Pepperoni</option>\n<option value="2">Bacon</option>\n</select><br /> Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.</td></tr>'

>>> pform2 = PizzaForm(instance=p2) # Tuesday
>>> pform2.as_table() # Both Pepperoni and Bacon
u'<tr><th><label for="id_name">Name:</label></th><td><input id="id_name" type="text" name="name" value="Tuesday" maxlength="50" /></td></tr>\n<tr><th><label for="id_topped_by">Topped by:</label></th><td><select multiple="multiple" name="topped_by" id="id_topped_by">\n<option value="1" selected="selected">Pepperoni</option>\n<option value="2" selected="selected">Bacon</option>\n</select><br /> Hold down "Control", or "Command" on a Mac, to select more than one.</td></tr>'

To be honest, I would put the many-to-many relation into the Pizza model. I think this closer to reality. Imagine a person that orders several pizzas. He wouldn’t say “I would like cheese on pizza one and two and tomatoes on pizza one and three” but probably “One pizza with cheese, one pizza with cheese and tomatoes,…”.

Of course it is possible to get the form working in your way but I would go with:

class Pizza(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    toppings = models.ManyToManyField(Topping)

Another simple way to achieve this is to create an intermediary table and using inline fields to get it done. Please refer to this https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.2/ref/contrib/admin/#working-with-many-to-many-intermediary-models

Some sample code below

models.py

class Pizza(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

class Topping(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    ison = models.ManyToManyField(Pizza, through='PizzaTopping')

class PizzaTopping(models.Model):
    pizza = models.ForeignKey(Pizza)
    topping = models.ForeignKey(Topping)

admin.py

class PizzaToppingInline(admin.TabularInline):
    model = PizzaTopping

class PizzaAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [PizzaToppingInline,]

class ToppingAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
    inlines = [PizzaToppingInline,]

admin.site.register(Pizza, PizzaAdmin)
admin.site.register(Topping, ToppingAdmin)

I’m not sure if this is what your looking for, but are you aware that Pizza has the topping_set attribute? Using that attribute you could easily add a new topping in your ModelForm.

new_pizza.topping_set.add(new_topping)

We had similar problem in our app, which used django admin. There is many to many relation between users and groups and one can’t easily add users to a group. I have created a patch for django, that does this, but there isn’t much attention to it 😉 You can read it and try to apply similar solution to your pizza/topping problem. This way being inside a topping, you can easily add related pizzas or vice versa.

I did something similar based in code of Clément with a user admin form:

# models.py
class Clinica(models.Model):
  ...
  users = models.ManyToManyField(User, null=True, blank=True, related_name='clinicas')

# admin.py
class CustomUserChangeForm(UserChangeForm):
  clinicas = forms.ModelMultipleChoiceField(queryset=Clinica.objects.all())

  def __init__(self,*args,**kwargs):
    if 'instance' in kwargs:
      initial = kwargs.setdefault('initial',{})
      initial['clinicas'] = kwargs['instance'].clinicas.values_list('pk',flat=True)
    super(CustomUserChangeForm,self).__init__(*args,**kwargs)

  def save(self,*args,**kwargs):
    instance = super(CustomUserChangeForm,self).save(*args,**kwargs)
    instance.clinicas = self.cleaned_data['clinicas']
    return instance

  class Meta:
    model = User

admin.site.unregister(User)

UserAdmin.fieldsets += ( (u'Clinicas', {'fields': ('clinicas',)}), )
UserAdmin.form = CustomUserChangeForm

admin.site.register(User,UserAdmin)

You can also use a through table if you want to add stuff that is dependent on both primary keys of the table in the relationship. Many to many relationships use something called a bridge table to store stuff that is dependent on both parts of the primary key.

For example, consider the following relationship between Order and Product in models.py

class Order(models.Model):
    date = models.DateField()
    status = models.CharField(max_length=30)

class Product(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    desc = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    price = models.DecimalField(max_dights=7,decimal_places=2)
    qtyOnHand = models.Integer()
    orderLine = models.ManyToManyField(Order, through='OrderLine')

class OrderLine(models.Model):
    product = models.ForeignKey(Product)
    order = models.ForeignKey(Order)
    qtyOrd = models.Integer()

In your case, what you would do is put the ManyToMany on the Toppings, because it lets the user choose what toppings go on the Pizza they wanted. Simple, but powerful solution.

This looks like a job for Django’s BaseInlineFormset.

You can create one easily using the inlineformset_factory.

It is even possible to use the ManyToManyField‘s implicit through table, so you do not need to create an explicit PizzaTopping table yourself.

Here’s a slightly modified version of the OP’s example:

class Pizza(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)
    toppings = models.ManyToManyField(Topping, blank=True)

class Topping(models.Model):
    name = models.CharField(max_length=50)

and here’s how to create, and use, an inline formset for these models, e.g. in a view

...
PizzaToppingFormSet = inlineformset_factory(
    parent_model=Pizza, model=Pizza.toppings.through, fields='__all__')
...
pizza = Pizza.objects.get(...)  # however you get your pizza object
...
formset = PizzaToppingFormset(instance=pizza, data=request.POST)
...

For details on using these formsets in a view, check the documentation.

Note that the value of formset.prefix when using the through table would be Pizza_toppings, so your POST data would look like this, for example:

data = {
    ...
    'Pizza_toppings-TOTAL_FORMS': '2',
    'Pizza_toppings-INITIAL_FORMS': '0',
    'Pizza_toppings-0-name': 'pepperoni',
    'Pizza_toppings-1-name': 'cheese',
    ...
}