[Django]-Create django super user in a docker container without inputting password

Get the container ID and run the command.

docker exec -it container_id python manage.py createsuperuser

Use environment variables and non interactive mode. So you add something like this in your env file.

DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD=**********
DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL=example@example.com
DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME=admin

Then, in your docker entrypoint file, add these commands:

python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate
python manage.py createcachetable

if [ "$DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME" ]
then
    python manage.py createsuperuser \
        --noinput \
        --username $DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME \
        --email $DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL
fi

$@

Note there is no need to put the password, as Django’s createsuperuser script takes that from DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD by default in noninteractive mode.

This will run the migrations and create the admin user as needed when the container is started using environment variables.

Disclaimer:

Storing the passwords plaintext in the Dockerfile is insecure as the passwords can be extracted from the image at any time and the Dockerfiles are usually committed to version control. However, this answer is not about password security, rather about automating the createsuperuser command; if you are looking for a proper way to store the superuser password, take a look at this SO question: Docker and securing passwords
.

I handle this by evaluating the python code line in Dockerfile.

ENV DJANGO_DB_NAME=default
ENV DJANGO_SU_NAME=admin
ENV DJANGO_SU_EMAIL=admin@my.company
ENV DJANGO_SU_PASSWORD=mypass

RUN python -c "import django; django.setup(); \
   from django.contrib.auth.management.commands.createsuperuser import get_user_model; \
   get_user_model()._default_manager.db_manager('$DJANGO_DB_NAME').create_superuser( \
   username='$DJANGO_SU_NAME', \
   email='$DJANGO_SU_EMAIL', \
   password='$DJANGO_SU_PASSWORD')"

Note that this is different from calling

User.objects.create_superuser('admin', 'admin@example.com', 'pass')

as django.contrib.auth.get_user_model will work fine with custom user model if you should have any (which is quite common), while with User.objects.create you only create a standard user entity, ignoring any custom user model.

Also, it’s the same call that django’s createsuperuser command does under the hood, so it should be pretty safe to do.

I use this command when using compose

docker-compose run <web> python manage.py createsuperuser

where <web> is the name of the docker service(in docker-compose.yml)
https://docs.docker.com/compose/reference/run/

When run with Dockerfile

docker exec -it <container_id> python manage.py createsuperuser

I would suggest running a Data Migration, so when you startup your Docker services (e.g. app & db) via docker-compose up, you can execute all migrations exactly once docker-compose exec web python code/manage.py migrate

So your migration would look like this (assuming you store credentials etc. in environment variables)

import os
from django.db import migrations

class Migration(migrations.Migration):

    dependencies = [
        ('<your_app>', '<previous_migration>'),
    ]

    def generate_superuser(apps, schema_editor):
        from django.contrib.auth.models import User

        DJANGO_DB_NAME = os.environ.get('DJANGO_DB_NAME', "default")
        DJANGO_SU_NAME = os.environ.get('DJANGO_SU_NAME')
        DJANGO_SU_EMAIL = os.environ.get('DJANGO_SU_EMAIL')
        DJANGO_SU_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('DJANGO_SU_PASSWORD')

        superuser = User.objects.create_superuser(
            username=DJANGO_SU_NAME,
            email=DJANGO_SU_EMAIL,
            password=DJANGO_SU_PASSWORD)

        superuser.save()

    operations = [
        migrations.RunPython(generate_superuser),
    ]

This allows you to use a built container to execute against a database, whether it’s a local db in the same container or a separate service. And it’s not done every time you rebuild your container, but only when the migration is necessary.

I used decople lib to load the environment variables from the .env file and I did the test if the username exists.

from decouple import config
from django.contrib.auth.models import User
from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand

class Command(BaseCommand):

    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        username = config('DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME')
        email = config('DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL')
        password = config('DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD')

        if not User.objects.filter(username=username).exists():
            print('Creating account for %s (%s)' % (username, email))
            admin = User.objects.create_superuser(
                email=email, username=username, password=password)
        else:
            print('Admin account has already been initialized.')

So I do it like this:

  source .env
  python manage.py initadmin

My .env file has:

DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME=admin
DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL=admin@admin.com
DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD=mypass

None of the answers had worked in my project.
This worked:

docker exec web ./manage.py shell -c "from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model; User = get_user_model(); User.objects.create_superuser('your_user', 'your_password')"

Might be easiest to just put together a Python script to create the Django superuser for you, instead of trying to feed all those commands through manage.py shell. Can you put your commands in a .py file, let’s say yourfile.py:

#!/usr/bin/env python

from django.contrib.auth.models import User
User.objects.create_superuser('admin', 'admin@example.com', 'pass')

And then, after doing chmod +x yourfile.py:

fabric run:
run("docker exec container_django yourfile.py")

Depending on your setup you may need to make sure that the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable is set appropriately for that run() command.

I took @hoefling’s answer, and changed it a little.

I needed to create super user AFTER the build step. So i put it inside a supervisor script. That means it will be executed every time i run the container. So i added a simple if / else control to check if superuser is already created. That reduces the execution time. And we need to set DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable as well.

python -c "import os
os.environ['DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE'] = 'project_name.settings'
import django
django.setup()
from django.contrib.auth.management.commands.createsuperuser import get_user_model
if get_user_model().objects.filter(username='$DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME'): 
    print 'Super user already exists. SKIPPING...'
else:
    print 'Creating super user...'
    get_user_model()._default_manager.db_manager('$DJANGO_DB_NAME').create_superuser(username='$DJANGO_SUPERUSER_USERNAME', email='$DJANGO_SUPERUSER_EMAIL', password='$DJANGO_SUPERUSER_PASSWORD')
    print 'Super user created...'"

create file Makefile

.ONESHELL:
reset-superuser: SHELL := python
reset-superuser:
    import os
    import django
    from django.contrib.auth import get_user_model

    os.environ.setdefault("DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE", "settings.develop")
    django.setup()

    User = get_user_model()
    user = User.objects.filter(is_superuser=True).first()

    if user:
        user.set_password("admin")
        user.save()
    else:
        user = User.objects.create_superuser(
            username="josuedjh",
            first_name="Josue djh",
            password="admin",
        )

    print(f"Superuser {user.username!r} with password `admin`")

run comando:

make reset-superuser

The clean and elegant way is not to put any additional custom code or commands into the codebase if you are running the Django in the container. Instead use a bash script to run any configuration required (e.g. creating superuser). This way you can better mange and automate your configurations and keeping the codebase clean and reusable accross environments.
Put in your docker-compose.yml

command: >
  bash -c '.. 
  && source create_superuser_prod.sh 
  && ..'

Put in the create_superuser_prod.sh

echo "from django.contrib.auth.models import User; User.objects.create_superuser($PROD_USER,$PROD_USER_EMAIL,$PROD_USER_PASS)" | python manage.py shell