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In Vue 3, "provide" and "inject" are design patterns that allow you to pass data from a parent component to a child component. The "provide" method is used by a parent component to pass data to its children components and the "inject" method is used by a child component to receive the data from its parent.
On the other hand, "export" and "import" are used for modularization of code in JavaScript. "export" is used to make values and functions defined in a module available to other modules that import it, while "import" is used to import the exported values and functions into another module.
In other words, "provide" and "inject" are related to component communication within the same Vue app, while "export" and "import" are related to code modularization and sharing between different files.